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R100 Flow Analysis system

Flowan software

Tomoflow ECT sensor

Tomoflow papers

Non-intrusive Measurement of Volume and Mass using Electrical Capacitance Tomography.

Andrew Hunt, John Pendleton and Malcolm Byars.
ESDA2004, Manchester UK, 19-22 July 2004.

Visualisation of Two-phase Gas-Liquid Pipe Flows using Electrical Capacitance Tomography.

A. Hunt, J. Pendleton and Y. Ladam.
ESDA2004, Manchester UK, 19-22 July 2004.

A Novel Tomographic Flow Analysis System

Andrew Hunt, John D Pendleton and Robert B White
3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada

A novel flow analysis system is described which uses twin-plane tomographic data to derive detailed pictures of the velocity and concentration structure within complex two-phase flows. Initial results have been obtained using electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) but other modalities may also be used. By defining a set of contiguous zones over the flow cross-section the full integration of flowrate may be undertaken and a mass flowmeter created for two-phase systems. A number of flows have been analysed, and detailed results from selected tests are presented. The simplest experiments consist of solid particles dropped under gravity through a 50mm diameter pipe, which approximates the conditions at the exit of an industrial storage hopper. More complex flows were generated in a recirculating flow rig and are typical of conditions in an industrial pneumatic conveying line. The ECT flow analysis results can be used to explore the detail of complex structures and velocity fields while comparisons with computational fluid dynamics models, high-speed video and other measurements show that the ECT results are consistent and accurate to within a few per cent of the true value.

Full Paper (PDF 508k)

Measurement of Velocity and Mass of Moving Structures in Industrial Flows using Electrical Capacitance Tomography.

Andrew Hunt, John D Pendleton and Malcolm Byars.
Medical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography, UMIST, Manchester UK, 23-25 April 2003.

Mass measurement of moving objects using electrical capacitance tomography.

Andrew Hunt
Presented by Ron Sangster at the Force and Hardness Group Annual Meeting, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington UK. 13 May 2003.

Presentation (PDF 1139k)

Books

Imaging Industrial Flows: Applications of Electrical Process Tomography,

Plaskowski A., Beck M.S., Thorn R. and Dyakowski T. (1995)
IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK. ISBN 0 7503 0296 8

Cross-correlation flowmeters: their design and application,

Beck M.S. and Plaskowski A. (1987)
IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK. ISBN 0 85274 532 X

Other relevent papers

Arko A., Waterfall R.C, Beck M., Dyakowski T., Sutcliffe P. and Byars M. (1999)

Development of electrical capacitance tomography for solids mass flow measurement and control of pneumatic conveying systems.
In Proc: 1st World Congress on Industrial Tomography, Buxton, UK, April 14-17.

Beck M.S. and Plaskowski A. (1987)

Cross-correlation flowmeters: their design and application,
IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK.

Byars M. and Pendleton J.D. (2003)

A new high-speed control interface for an electrical capacitance tomography system
In Proc. 3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada.

Chen J., Gupta P., Degaleesan S., Al-Dahhan M., Dudokovic M.P and Toseland B.A. (1998)

Gas hold-up distributions in large diameter bubble columns measured by computer tomography,
Flow Meas. & Instr., 9, 91-101.

Darwood M.W., Davies M., Godden D., Jackson P., James K. and Stitt E.H. (2003)

Development and implementation of gamma-ray tomography for field applications.
3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada.

Deng X., Peng L., Yao D. and Zhang B. (2003)

Research on the pixel-pixel cross correlation for the velocity distribution measurement of two-phase flow.
3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada.

Dickin F. and Wang M. (1996)

Electrical resistance tomography for process applications.
Meas. Sci. Technol., 7, pp247-260.

Dickin F.J., Hoyle B.S., Hunt A. et al (1992)

Tomographic imaging of industrial process equipment: techniques and applications.
IEE ProcG 139(1) 72-82.

Dong F., Qiao X.T., Jiang Z.X. and Xu L.A. (2003)

Application of electrical resistance tomography to two-phase flow and void fraction measurement.
3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada.

Dyakowski T. (1996)

Process tomography applied to multi-phase flow measurement.
Meas. Sci. Technol., 7, pp.343-353.

Dyakowski T., Edwards R.B., Xie C.G. and Williams R.A. (1997)

Application of capacitance tomography to gas-solid flows.
Chem. Eng. Sci. 52, pp.2099.

Dyakowski T., Jeanmeure L.F.C. and Jaworski A.J. (2000)

Applications of electrical resistance tomography for gas-liquid and liquid-solids flows - a review.
Powder Technology, 112, pp. 174-192.

Dyakowski T., Mosorov V., Sankowski D., Seaton M., Mazurkiewicz £., Grudzieñ K and Jaworski A. (2003)

Virtual channel concept for measuring solids mass flow rate.
3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada.

Fangary Y.S., Williams R.A., Neil W.A., Bond J. and Faulks I. (1997)

Application of electrical resistance tomography to detect deposition in hydraulic conveying systems.
Powder Technology, 95, pp. 61-66.

Fehmers G. (2003)

Volumetric flow rates from impedance tomography in oil/gas flows.
3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada.

Fuchs A. and Brandstätter B. (2003)

Development of a signal prediction based ECT-system for precise flow velocity measurement.
3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada.

George D.L., Torczynski J.R., Shollenberger K.A., O’Hern T.J. and Ceccio S.L. (2000)

Validation of electrical-impedance tomography for measurements of material distribution in two-phase flows.
International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 26, pp.549-581.

Hayes D.G. (1994)

Tomographic flow measurement by combining component distribution and velocity profile measurements in 2-phase oil/gas flows,
PhD Thesis, UMIST, UK.

Heese F., Robson P. and Hall L. (2003)

Visualisation of air bubbles by magnetic resonance imaging.
3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada.

Holliday N., Ma Y. and Wang M. (2003)

A powerful computational DSP module for multiphase flow measurement.
3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada.

Huang S.M., Plaskowski A., Xie C.G. and Beck M.S. (1989)

Tomographic imaging of twocomponent flow using capacitance sensors.
J. Phs. E: Sci. Instrum. 22, 173-177.

Hunt A. (1998)

Imaging multi-phase flows processes: measurement, mixing and separation.
In proc. 'From Images to Knowledge’, 1-2 October 1998, London.

Hunt A., Pendleton J. and Byars M. (2003)

Measurement of velocity and mass of moving structures in industrial flows using electrical capacitance tomography.
Medical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography, UMIST, Manchester UK, 23-25 April 2003.

Hunt A. presented by Sangster R. (2003)

Mass measurement of moving objects using electrical capacitance tomography.
Force and Hardness Group Annual Meeting, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington UK. 13 May 2003.

Hunt A, Pendleton J.D. and White R.B. (2003)

A novel tomographic flow analysis system.
3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada.

Jaworski A.J. and Dyakowski T. (2001)

Tomographic measurements of solids mass flow in dense pneumatic conveying. What do we need to know about the flow physics?
In Proc. 2rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Hannover, Germany.

Johansen G.A., Froystein T., Hjertaker B.T. and Olsen O. (1996)

A dual sensor flow imaging tomographic system.
Meas. Sci. Technol. 7 297-307.

Johansen G.A. and Jackson P. (2000)

Salinity independent measurement of gas volume fraction in oil/gas/water pipe flow.
Appl. Rad. Isotop. 53 595-601.

Kai T., Misawa M. and KandaT. (2003)

Observation of 3-D Structure of Bubbles in a Fluidized Catalyst Bed.
3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada

Loh W.W., Waterfall R.C., Cory J. and Lucas G.P. (1999)

Using ERT for multi-phase flow monitoring.
Proceedings of 1st World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Buxton, UK, pp47-53.

Lucas G.P. (1987)

The measurement of two-phase flow parameters in vertical and inclined flows,
PhD Thesis, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), UK.

Lucas G., Beck M. and Hunt A. (1988)

Capacitive void fraction measurement apparatus.
US patent no. 5017879.

Lucas G.P., Cory J., Waterfall R.C., Loh W.W. and Dickin F.J. (1999)

Measurement of the solids volume fraction and velocity distribution in solids-liquid flows using dual-plane electrical resistance tomography.
Flow Meas. Instr., 10, pp.249-258.

Mosorov V., Sankowski D., Mazurkiewicz L. and Dyakowski T. (2002)

The 'best-correlated pixels’ method for solid mass flow measurements using electrical capacitance tomography,
Meas. Sci. Technol. 13 1810-1814.

Mosorov V., Sankowski D., Mazurkiewicz £. and Dyakowski T. (2002)

The application of electrical capacitance tomography for solids mass flow measurements.
Meas. Sci. Technol., 12, pp.1810-1814.

Pachowko A.D., Wang M., Poole C. and Rhodes D. (2003)

The use of electrical resistance tomography (ERT) to monitor flow patterns in horizontal slurry transport pipelines.
3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada.

Salkeld JA, Thorn R, Hunt A and Beck MS. (1990)

Process tomography for multi-component flow measurement.
USITT conference, Southampton, March 1990.

Salkeld J.A. (1991)

Process Tomography for the measurement and analysis of two-phase oilbased flows,
PhD Thesis, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), UK.

Sankowski D., Mosorov V., Grudzien K., Plaskowski A. and Jaworski A. (2003)

Using functional analysis for understanding complex 3D processes.
3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada

Schober L., Hulme I., Chandrasekaran B., and Kantzas A. (2003)

An experimental and simulation study of the hydrodynamics of a linear low density polyethylene.
3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada

Shaikh A., Rados N. and Al-Dahhan M. (2003)

Phase distribution in a high pressure slurry bubble column via computed tomography.
3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada.

Thorn R., Huang S.M., Xie C.G., Salkeld J.A., Hunt A., and Beck M.S. (1990)

Flow imaging for multi-component flow measurement.
Flow Meas. Instr. 2, Oct 1990.

Thorn R., Johansen G.A. and Hammer E.A. (1997)

Recent developments in three-phase flow measurement.
Meas. Sci. Technol., 8, pp. 691-701.

Thorn R., Johansen G.A. and Hammer E.A. (1999)

Three-phase flow measurement in the offshore oil industry - is there a place for process tomography?
In Proc. 1st World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Buxton, UK.

Tjugum S.A., Johansen G.A. and Iversen O.A. (2003)

Multiphase flow regime identification by multibeam gamma-ray densitometry - experimental results.
3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada.

Tortora P.R., Ceccio S.L., Schultz W.W., O’Hern T.J., Torczynski J.R. and Trujillo S.M. (2003)

An electrical-impedance tomography system for collecting validation-quality data from gas-solid flows.
3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada.

Wand M. and Yin W. (2001)

Measurements of the concentration and velocity distribution in miscible liquid mixing using electrical resistance tomography.
Trans ICheme, 79, Part A, pp. 883-886.

Wang H., Liu S., Jiang F. and Yang W. (2003)

3D presentation of images with capacitance tomography.
3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada.

Warsito W. and Fan L.-S. (2003)

Development of 3-dimensional electrical capacitance tomography based on neural network multi-criterion optimization.
3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada.

Waterfall R.C., Loh W.W., Arko A., Cory J. and Lucas G.P. (2001)

Electrical tomography techniques for multiphase flow applications.
In Handbook of Conveying and Handling of Particulate Solids, pp.825-834.

White R.B. (2001)

Gas solid contacting in a bubbling fluidised bed.
PhD Thesis, University of Melbourne, Australia.

Wiesendorf V. and Werther J (2000)

Capacitance probes for solids volume concentration and velocity measurements in industrial fluidized bed reactors.
Powder Technology, 110(1-2), 143-157.

Wu Y., Li H., Wang M. and Williams R.A. (2003)

A study on the characterization of air-water two-phase vertical flow by using electrical resistance imaging.
3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada.

Xie C.G., Huang S.M., Hoyle B.S., Thorn R., Lean C., Snowden D. and Beck M.S. (1992)

Electrical capacitance tomography for flow imaging - system model for development of image reconstruction algorithms and design of primary sensor.
IEE Proc. G 139, 89-98.

Yang W.Q. and Liu S. (2000)

Role of tomography in gas/solids flow measurement.
Flow Meas. and Instrum., 11, pp. 237-244.

Zhou S. and Halttunen J. (2003)

Monitoring of air bubbles in pulp flow based on electrical impedance tomography.
3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Banff, Canada.